I dealt with extreme hypersensitivity because of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS).  

Everything from my food to my drinking water to the air in my home seemed to cause reactions for me. 

And I was prone to catch every viral or bacterial illness I came in contact with.  

My immune system was out of whack!  

But I’ve done a lot of work to reclaim my health to get my immune system and mast cells regulated. A big part of this was cleaning up mast cell triggers from my environment. 

A professional grade air purifier has been key in cleaning up contaminants and improving my indoor air quality. 

I’ve been using air purifiers for a while now.  

I’ve noticed I’m not as prone to airborne transmitted infections anymore.  

I’ve also noticed my respiratory symptoms have improved. I breathe easier in general now! 

Reducing your exposure to mast cell triggers can go a long way to calming your mast cells. 

That’s why you want to pay close attention to keeping your home environment healthy if you have Mast Cell Activation Syndrome and Histamine Intolerance.

Especially the air you breathe. 

Think about how much time you spend at home. When you consider all the waking and sleeping hours you spend there, you’ll realize how important good air quality really is! 

Keep reading to find out more about: 

• How an air purifier can help with MCAS flares 
• Common airborne mast cell triggers 
• What you need to know about air purifiers and mold 
• My top recommendations for room air purifiers depending on your needs 

Let’s start by looking at why an air purifier can help you if you have Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS). 

Why You Need an Air Purifier If You Have MCAS or HIT  

It’s important you know that this blog post is for informational and educational purposes. It’s not meant to treat any health condition or to be prescriptive for anyone.  If you have any medical condition, it is critical you work under the care and guidance of a licensed medical provider. 

Did you know that indoor levels of pollutants may be 2 to 5 five times higher than outdoor levels?  

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) even notes that occasionally indoor levels may be up to 100 times higher!  

That’s a significant amount of pollution contributing to your mast cell activation.  

And that’s why cleaning up your environment is so important in getting stabilized. 

What is stabilization? Stabilization is the first step of the MC360™ Method I developed to help people with Mast Cell Activation Syndrome and Mold Toxicity. 

This of it like bringing a storm-damaged ship back to a safe harbor and starting repairs to make her seaworthy again. 

In this stabilization phase, you’ll get your mast cells calmed by: 

• Working on your nervous system 
• Onboarding gentle mast cell stabilizing supplements 
• Cleaning up your environment to reduce mast cell triggers 

It’s this last point that we are focusing on today. 

That’s because fewer triggers = calmer mast cells. 

One way we clean up the environment is addressing indoor air quality. 

See, with Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, your mast cells are probably in a “haywire” state. 

You can read more about how Haywire Mast Cells Block Healing with Mast Cell Activation Syndrome and Histamine Intolerance here.

When your mast cells are haywire, they can become overly responsive. 

They respond to things they shouldn’t. And they can keep responding even when a threat has cleared. 

And they may respond more quickly to things that don’t seem to bother other people. 

Some of the things that trigger mast cells are airborne.  

So, just breathing the air around you may be contributing to your mast cell flares. 

Some typical airborne mast cell triggers include: 

• Bacteria 
• Viruses 
• Mold spores 
• Mold toxins (mycotoxins) 
• VOCs (volatile organic compounds) 
• Pollen 
• Ragweed 
• Smoke from fires 
• Air pollution 
• Dust mites 
• Pet dander and hair 

Any of those triggers can bring about a mast cell response. 

But let’s focus on just 3 of these heavy hitters right now. 

• 1. Pathogens (bacteria and viruses) 
• 2. Mold 
• 3. VOCs 

And you’ll learn how a professional grade air purifier like the ones from AirDoctor can help address them.

1. AirDoctor Air Purifier for Airborne Pathogens 

You probably already know that germs can be spread in a variety of ways. 

Germs can be spread through: 

• Physical contact with another person 
• Touching contaminated surfaces 
• Breathing in droplets from the air 

It’s fairly easy to avoid touching someone who is sick. And it’s not hard to clean a contaminated surface. 

But germs can remain airborne for hours. 

Aerosols are particles that leave your mouth and nose when you cough, sneeze, and even breath or laugh. These aerosols can spread germs. 

Aerosols can stay suspended in the air for a few minutes or up to several hours! They can even travel up to 200 feet! 

These aerosols are microscopic. Airborne particulate matter is measured in microns. 

In other words, most of these airborne triggers can’t be seen with your naked eye. 

And you can be exposed to them just by breathing normally. 

In size, most bacteria are 0.2 to 2 microns. And viruses are 0.02 to .25 microns. You can’t see them with the naked eye.  

A good UltraHEPA filter (H13) can filter particulates up to .003 microns. 

That’s why you want an air purifier like the AirDoctor. It uses an UltraHEPA filter to catch these microscopic pathogens.  

We’ll get back to what HEPA standards are in a little bit. Not all air purifiers are HEPA filters! And even HEPA filters have differences. 

But for now, what you need to know is that an air purifier that uses True HEPA filters may help reduce your exposure to pathogens that can make you sick.  

That’s great news for anyone in your household. 

And that’s even better news if you have MCAS.  

Why? 

Because reduced illness means reduced mast cell activation. 

Next, see how mold may be affecting your air quality and health. 

2. AirDoctor Air Purifier for Mold 

Mold Toxicity is the #1 root cause of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome I see in the Mast Cell 360® practice.  

I see it in over 99% of my private clients. I’ve also personally dealt with Mold Toxicity. 

Mold has been around forever. So, why are we seeing more and more negative effects from it nowadays? 

One reason is that houses are built for energy efficiency. They are sealed very tightly! 

But this means moisture gets trapped in your house. And moisture makes for the perfect growing environment for mold. 

Mold spores land on wet surfaces and reproduce.  

It’s amazing how quickly mold can grow when there are a lot of spores in the air. 

Mold can produce toxins called mycotoxins. You can breathe these mycotoxins in if they are present in the air. 

And you can develop more and more health issues as these mycotoxins build up in your body. Including MCAS. 

There are several types of mold toxins (mycotoxins). 

You can read more about Mycotoxins and Mold: One of the Biggest Root Triggers for Mast Cell Activation and Histamine Intolerance here 

Mycotoxins act as a trigger for Mast Cell Activation Syndrome by: 

• Dysregulating the immune response 
• Disrupting hormones 
• Disrupting the nervous system 
• Clogging up detox pathways 

This is where an air purification unit can really help you.  

An UltraHEPA filter air purifier, like the one found in AirDoctor units, can filter out substances up to .003 microns.  

Mold spores can range in size from about 1 to 20 microns. The toxins that molds release, called mycotoxins, are much smaller. They can be as small as .1 micron. So, the UltraHEPA filter in an AirDoctor unit is going to catch these. 

And that’s good news if you are trying to detox your home and body from mold. 

Now, if you have water damage or leakage in your home, you’ll need to address that, too. The air purifier alone won’t remove all the mold. You must get to the root of the problem. 

But a professional grade air purifier is a step in the right direction for dealing with mold. 

If you are currently living in mold, you can take it one step further by using a HypoAir air purifier that can help prevent mold growth. See my HypoAir review here.

Next, let’s explore another top mast cell trigger found in your home: VOCs. 

3. AirDoctor Air Purifier for VOCs 

VOCs are volatile organic compounds. 

They are among the most common mast cell triggers in your home. 

That’s because they are in many household items and building materials. 

Some examples of where you can find VOCs are: 

• Plywood 
• Glues 
• Adhesives  
• Insulation materials 
• Flooring 
• Carpet 
• Vinyl 
• Wood 
• Paints 
• Pesticides 
• Personal care products 
• Cleaners 
• Artificial fragrances 
• Fire and flame retardants 
• Car seats  
• Furniture  
• Pillows  
• Mattresses 

Related Article: Non Toxic and Supportive Mattresses

When something gives off VOCs or other toxic chemicals this is called off-gassing. 

Think of the smell you get from freshly painted walls, new furniture, or that new car smell. 

That smell is likely from VOCs. 

When I got new furniture, it had a strong smell when it arrived. 

In the past, I would have kept the furniture in the garage for a few days while it off-gassed. I know from experience that these VOCs can cause a mast cell flare for me. 

But it’s no fun waiting to use something new! 

So, I did an experiment. 

I turned on my AirDoctor air purifier to its high setting as soon as the furniture came into the house.  

I went out for a few hours. When I came back, the smell had already started to go away! 

I kept it running and was able to be in the house near the new furniture without any problems. 

You can see that an air purifier that filters out VOCs is a major win. It can help reduce these mast cell triggers from your indoor air. 

Mast cell activation is one of the major concerns you might have when it comes to VOCs. 

But that’s not the only health concern they’ve been associated with. 

The EPA states that health effects from VOCs may include: 

• Eye, nose, and throat irritation 
• Headaches 
• Loss of coordination  
• Dizziness 
• Nausea 
• Damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous system 
• Allergic skin reactions 
• Fatigue 

These VOCs can affect anyone in your household. Not just those with MCAS. 

But not all air purifiers can remove VOCs, mold, or pathogens from the air. 

In fact, there are a lot of differences you need to know about when choosing an air purifier. 

Read on to find out! 

Choosing an Air Purifier 

Here’s what to know about how to get the most out of your air purifier. Especially if you have Mast Cell Activation Syndrome or Hypersensitivities.  

HEPA Standard Air Purifiers 

HEPA stands for:

• High
• Efficiency
• Particulate
• Air

HEPA standard filters are the most common.  

You can get free-standing HEPA air purifiers. And you can get HEPA furnace filters. 

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, True HEPA filters can theoretically remove at least 99.97% of: 

• Dust 
• Pollen 
• Mold 
• Bacteria 
• Particulates of size .3 microns or larger 

Let’s look again at the sizes of some of the more common airborne contaminants: 

• Dust mites: 50 microns 
• Pollen: 10 to 20 microns 
• Mold: 10 microns 
• Mycotoxins: .1 microns 
• Smoke: 0.1 to 1 microns 
• Bacteria: 0.2 to 2 microns 
• Viruses: 0.02 to .25 microns 

You’ll see that HEPA standard filters can remove dust, pollen, and odors from the air. They may also trap some larger mold spores. 

But you’ll notice that they won’t get all mycotoxins (the toxins produced from mold spores), viruses, or bacteria. 

And they don’t catch VOCs. 

You just read about how important reducing your exposure to these mast cell triggers is. 

That’s why I trust AirDoctor filters with UltraHepa^TM in my own home.  

UltraHepa™ filters are different. These are H13 filters. H13 and H14 filters are the highest class of HEPA filters. These are considered medical grade filters. 

The best quality professional grade air purifiers can trap microns as small as .003 microns. That includes most of the smaller viruses and mycotoxins. And the bigger ones like dust mites, too. 
 
But here’s what you need to know about HEPA filters and something called CADR. 

What Is CADR? 

CADR stands for:  

• Clean  
• Air 
• Delivery  
• Rate 

It’s a measurement for comparing air filter performance. It tells you how much of a particular contaminant a filter removes from the air within a specific amount of time. 

The higher the CADR, the more effective the unit is. 

But according to the CDC, HEPA filters can lower the CADR. 

See, HEPA filters are excellent at capturing microscopic particles from the air. But the downside is that HEPA filters reduce the air flow through air purifiers. And this reduces the CADR.  

This can be made up for if an air purifier has a dedicated fan system. 

The CDC says, “In-room HEPA air cleaners that combine a HEPA filter with a powered fan system are a preferred option for auxiliary air cleaning…they are effective at cleaning air within spaces to reduce the concentration of airborne particulates.” 

The AirDoctor has a whisper quiet fan inside.  

When you are ready to buy an air purifier, having a fan is just one of the points you want to put on your check list. 

Keep reading to learn more about what to look for in a quality air purifier. 

Air Purifier Check List 

I wanted to remove as many mast cell triggers from my indoor air as possible. 

And I wanted to find just one machine that could check all these boxes: 

• Filters mold spores and mycotoxins 
• Handles VOCs 
• Filters viruses and bacteria 
• Can handle smoke from forest fires 
• No WIFI to reduce EMF (electromagnetic field) exposure 
• Has a dedicated fan system 
• Quality and durability 
   

After lots of reading, talking to experts, and trying out 5 different models, I found some really good ones. 

My favorite is the AirDoctor Air Purifier.  

There are other good purifiers out there, too. 

But for me, AirDoctor by Ideal Living checks all the boxes. 

>>> Get up to $300 off AirDoctor!  

My AirDoctor Review  

The air purifiers from AirDoctor have the following features that make it ideal for reducing airborne mast cell triggers. 

UltraHEPA™ Filter 

Remember, UltraHEPA filters capture particles as small as .003 microns.  

That means a unit with an UltraHEPA filter can filter out: 

• Pollen 
• Ragweed 
• Smoke 
• Pet dander 
• Dust mites 
• Mold 
• Mycotoxins 
• Most bacteria 
• Most viruses 

AirDoctor captured 99.99% of tested viruses and bacteria, including influenza viruses and others. 

Dual Action Carbon/Gas Trap/VOC Filter  

The AirDoctor units have multiple filters inside. This is part of what makes them so effective. 

In addition to the UltraHEPA filter, these units come with carbon filters for VOCs. 

Gaseous pollutants like VOCs can’t be captured by regular HEPA filters. But the AirDoctor does!  

100% Sealed System 

What does this mean? Choosing a product with a sealed system means no air is bypassing the filter by escaping through unsealed leaks. 

You might think of an unsealed system like leaving your front door open in the heat of summer while you are running the air conditioning. It just isn’t efficient. You aren’t going to get maximum cooling. 

You’ll get better air filtration with a sealed air purification system.

This is a good indicator of high quality. 

Fan System 

I really wanted an air purifier that used the H13 HEPA filter since it removes much smaller particulates from the air. 

When I learned about the air flow reduction HEPA filters can cause, I was glad to know that the AirDoctor had a dedicated fan to make up for it. 

Most of the units come with 4 different fan speeds. The largest comes with 6 fan speeds. 

You can choose the level you want, or you can put it on automatic to detect what your air needs.  

No WiFi 

EMFs (electromagnetic fields) aren’t what you’d call an airborne contaminant. But they can affect those with MCAS or Mold Toxicity. 

I have EMF sensitivity. I see this in a number of my clients as well. 

Related Article: Are Your Cell Phone, WiFi Router, and Other EMFs Hurting Your Mast Cell Activation Syndrome and Histamine Intolerance? 

These units from AirDoctor don’t have WiFi. That’s important to me because of the EMF levels associated with WiFi. 

This was a big part of my decision. 

Some other popular air purifiers come with WiFi automatically turned on. But they don’t advertise this. So, unless you have an EMF detector, you might not know. 

I had a few private clients who bought some of the other brands of air purifiers. They kept getting worse after they got their air purification unit. 

It took months to figure out the WiFi in the unit was triggering inflammation. When I learned about this, I stopped recommending those brands. 

Why I Went with an AirDoctor Air Purifier 

These other great features weren’t on my check list. I’ve really found them to be nice bonuses, though. 

• Pre-filters block large particles like hair and dust to keep the UltraHEPA filter from clogging 
• The replacement filters are easy to install 
• The change filter alert is a small indicator light to let you know when it is time to change the filter 
• The DIM feature allows you to turn almost all the setting lights off  

TIP: If the DIM light bothers you at night, put a piece of red tape over it to neutralize the blue light. That way it won’t affect your sleep.  

Already, you’ll see that the health-related musts from my list have been met. 

But what about quality and durability? 

How many times have you tried something that was great at first, but after just a short time, you noticed decreased performance or breakage? 

You want your investment to be protected! I know I do, too! 

Here’s what I’ve experienced when comparing models. 

AirDoctor Customer Service and Warranty 

I got excellent customer service every time I reached out to Ideal Living, the company that makes AirDoctor.

And when it comes to warranties, you have a 1-year warranty from defects in materials and workmanship with AirDoctor. That’s their standard.

I have 2 of the AirDoctor 5000s. I keep 1 in my office and 1 in the basement.

I have one of the AirDoctor 3000s in each of the bedrooms.

I’ve had my units for years now and they are still going strong — even with 2 big, furry dogs who run around and play with gusto! 

In addition to the heavy load of pet hair and pet dander, my AirDoctor also had to contend with some other major airborne particulates recently. Namely mold and pollen. 

Recently, I’ve had to open my windows more than I normally would this time of year. That’s because an inspection showed that I had mold throughout my HVAC system. 

While I waited to get the HVAC professionally cleaned and remediated of mold, I was circulating fresh air by opening my doors and windows. 

When mold is throughout the HVAC, it’s more than in-room air purifiers alone can manage.  

However, I suspect that my air purifier had been helping a great deal, or I’d likely have been much worse off. 

But once I knew I had mold in the HVAC, I didn’t want to run it more than necessary. 

I wanted to avoid spreading mold spores throughout the house. So, I opened some windows to get fresh air moving. 

But having open windows also meant letting in dust and pollen from the outside. 

I kept my AirDoctor running the whole time I was waiting to get the HVAC cleaned. The AirDoctor continued to run like a champion. Even in the summer heat. 

And I didn’t experience any new problems or allergy-like symptoms from the seasonal pollen. 

AirDoctor Affordability 

I was so sick for so long that I understand what it’s like to throw good money after bad, as they say. 

That’s why I only recommend things to you that I’ve personally tried and noticed a difference with. 

I tried several different air purifiers at different price points. 

AirDoctor is about on par with similar models on the market when it comes to price. 

You’re paying for a quality machine that filters out most of the mast cell triggers from your air. 

You’ll see cheaper air purifiers out there. But remember, HEPA isn’t the same as UltraHEPA.  

Your UltraHEPA filter and carbon filter combo are what’s going to get the smallest particulates and VOCs. 

And here’s a tip for you. Yes, you are going to need to get replacement filters to keep your unit running efficiently.  

Maintaining your air filters is key to cleaner air. 

Most air purification systems require replacement filters. 

But the replacement filters from AirDoctor do go on sale from time to time. Stock up when they are on sale to save money. 

Here’s another way you can save money and get cleaner air. (I’m always looking for ways to save because I know firsthand the cost of being sick!) 

I reached out to Ideal Living for a special discount for you.  

If you use this special promo, your AirDoctor purchase is significantly more affordable than other similar products on the market. 

The discount has already been applied, so you don’t have to hassle with any promotional codes. Just click the link.  

Ideal Living is offering our community up to $300 off their newest and improved air filter units! 

>>> Get up to $300 off AirDoctor

(Please note that it isn’t $300 off every model. There are varying discounts for the different models, but you’ll save big no matter which you choose.) 

AirDoctor has a few different models.  

Here’s what you can expect from each. 

Air Doctor Air Purifier Models 

You want to make sure you get the right size model for the space you have. 

For a large room, you may need several smaller units or one larger unit. 

Here’s how you can figure out which size you need. 

First, measure the length and width of the area where you want to put an air filter. Then multiple those 2 numbers to get your total square footage. 

For example, if your combined living room and kitchen area measures 18 feet wide by 25 feet long, then you multiply 18 x 25 = 450 square feet. Then pick the model that is closest to the square feet of the area. 

So, in this case, for a combo kitchen and living area, you might want the Air Doctor 3000 for that space. 

Then, let’s say your bedroom is 12×10. That’s 120 square feet (about the size of an apartment bedroom). So, you would get the AirDoctor 1000 for that room. 

And if you have a large basement that is 25 feet by 32 feet. That equals 800 square feet. So, you would get the AirDoctor 5000 for that space. 

• All units have the pre-filters that filter out large particles like pet hair  
• All units have at least 1 carbon filter / VOC filter 
• All units have at least 1 UltraHEPA filter 
• All units have variable fan speeds 

The main differences are: 

• The size of the unit and how large a room it is suitable for 
• CADR rating 

TIP: The CDC recommends at least 4 air changes per hour to effectively remove viruses, bacteria, smoke, dust & pollen.  

Here are the 4 models of AirDoctor from smallest to biggest. Which one is right for you? 

AirDoctor 1000

This would be ideal for smaller guest rooms or a small home office space. 

This unit covers about 285 square feet 4 times per hour (about every 15 minutes). 

The CADR for the AirDoctor 1000 is 152. 

AirDoctor 2000 

This size unit is also good for smaller spaces like smaller bedrooms and home office spaces and nurseries. It covers a little more than the AirDoctor 1000. 

The AirDoctor 2000 covers about 305 square feet 4 times per hour (about every 15 minutes). 

Its CADR is 162. 

AirDoctor 3000 / AirDoctor3500 

The AirDoctor 3000 is good for large rooms like primary bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens. 

This unit covers about 638 square feet 4 times per hour (about every 15 minutes). 

Its CADR is 340. 

AirDoctor 5000 / AirDoctor 5500 

It covers rooms even larger than the AirDoctor 3000/3500. And it has a different filter set up.  

This unit is the most different from the other units. 

It covers 1,001 square feet 4 times per hour (about every 15 minutes). 

Its CADR is 534. 

But the other main difference you’ll see with this system is the filters:

• The other models have 1 pre-filter that needs to be replaced periodically. 
• This model has 2 permanent pre-filters. 
• This model also had 2 carbon/VOC filters. The other units have 1 each. 
• And this model also has 2 UltraHEPA filters whereas the other models have 1 each. 

This model also has 6 fan settings where the others have 4. 

Mast Cell 360 AirDoctor Coupon Code  

You don’t need an AirDoctor coupon code to save hundreds. Simply use the link below to save money. 

AirDoctor ships within the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 

For additional international options, you might consider looking into shipping with a forwarder like MyUS.com. 

Breathing clean air can make a huge difference to your health.  

You’ll want to put air purifiers in the rooms where you spend the most time. Here are some starter ideas:  

• Bedroom – Put your AirDoctor air purifier where you sleep since you spend at least 1/3 of your life in bed.   
• Office – If you work from home, consider an air purifier for your home office space. (Since the units are portable, you could bring a small one to your out of the home office, too.) 
• Living area – Where do you spend most of your time when you’re at home? Family room? Kitchen? Put an air purifier in those rooms, too. 

A quality air purifier can make a huge difference in allergies and breathing.  

Breathing easier can mean better sleep, too. 

And of course, cleaner air means fewer triggers for your mast cells. 

With increased air pollution, wildfires, infectious diseases, and toxic chemicals everywhere, I’m happy to know that my AirDoctor air purifier is improving my indoor air quality! 

>>> Get up to $300 off AirDoctor 

Let me know in the comments the improvements you’ve seen with your AirDoctor! 

Some links in this website are affiliate links, which means Mast Cell 360 may make a very small commission if you purchase through the link. It never costs you any more to purchase through the links, and we try to find the best deals we can. We only recommend products that we love and use personally or use in the Mast Cell 360 practice. Any commissions help support the newsletter, website, and ongoing research so Mast Cell 360 can continue to offer you free tips, recipes, and info. Thank you for your support! 

References 

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Community, work, and school. (2020, February 11). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/ventilation.html#faq-90400-question 

Editors of Merriam-Webster. (2023). Virus vs. Bacteria: What is the Difference? In Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/virus-vs-bacteria-difference#:~:text=Bacteria%20are%20giants%20when%20compared,in%20an%20ordinary%20light%20microscope. 

Fermo, P., et al. (2021). Improving indoor air quality through an air purifier able to reduce aerosol particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Experimental results. Environmental Research, 197, 111131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111131 

Kim, J. S., & Lee, M. (2020). Effect of filter collection efficiency on the clean air delivery rate in an air cleaner. Indoor Air, 31(3), 745–754. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12757 

Kramer, L. D. (2023, August 10). Overview of viruses. Merck Manuals Professional Edition. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/viruses/overview-of-viruses 

LMS Technologies. (2017). EN1822 European HEPA Test LMS Technologies, Inc. In airdoctorpro.com (No. T051117A). 

Miller, C. S., Palmer, R. F., Dempsey, T. T., Ashford, N. A., & Afrin, L. B. (2021). Mast cell activation may explain many cases of chemical intolerance. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00570-3 

Schlosser, O., Salais, R., & Noyon, N. (2020). Airborne mycotoxins in waste recycling and recovery facilities: Occupational exposure and health risk assessment. Waste Management, 105, 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.031 

Vardoulakis, S., et al. (2020). Indoor exposure to selected air pollutants in the home environment: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238972 

Volatile organic compounds in commonly used products. (n.d.). https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/air_quality/vocs.htm  

Why Indoor Air Quality is Important to Schools | US EPA. (2022, December 5). US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/why-indoor-air-quality-important-schools